Description:

Most practical combustors utilize sprays which involve a large number of drops. In the liquid filament region where the drops are being formed, l/a=2 while far from the injector, the spray is dilute with l/d>>1. See following articles for more details.

Some of the papers in this area are,

1. Annamalai, Kalyan "Interactive Processes in Evaporation and Combustion of Liquid Drop Arrays and Clouds," Invited Keynote Lecture and Selected papers from IUTAM symposium on Mechanics and Combustion of Droplets and Sprays,, pp. 116-161, Editors; H.H. Chiu and N. Chigier, Begel House Inc., NY 1995

2. Du, X., Gopalakrishnan, C.P., and Annamalai, K., " Ignition and Combustion of Coal Particle Streams," Fuel, 74, 487-494, (1995).

3. E. Kharbat, K. Annamalai and C. Gopalakrishnan. " Ignition and Combustion of Isolated and Binary arrays of Coal Particles," Combustion and Flame (25 Th Symposium on Combustion), 100, 413-421, 1994.

4. K. Annamalai, W. Ryan and S.Dhanapalan, "Interactive Processes in Gasification and Combustion, Part III: Coal Particle Arrays, Streams and Clouds," Journal of the Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 20, 487-618 (1994), (pages: 132, Refs: 272, Figs. 185)

5. K. Annamalai, and W. Ryan, " Interactive Processes in Gasification and Combustion - II: Isolated Cabon/coal and Porous Char Particles," Journal of the Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Invited Review, 19,383-446, (1993), (pages: 64, Refs: 232, Figs. 70).

6. K. Annamalai and W. Ryan, " Interactive Processes in Gasification and Combustion, I: Liquid Drop Arrays Streams and Clouds," Journal of the Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 18,pp. 221?295, (1992), (pages: 75, Refs: 133, Figs. 92)

7. K. Annamalai, W. Ryan and S. Chandra, "Evaporation of Multi-Component Arrays," Journal of Heat Transfer, Transactions of the ASME, 115:707-716 (1993).

8. R. Laster and K. Annamalai, "Ignition Delays of Liquid Drop Clouds: Results from Group Combustion Theory," Journal of Chemical Engineering Communications, 105:201?219, (1991).

9. W.Ryan and K.Annamalai, "Group Ignition of Coal Particles" J. of Heat Transfer, Transactions of the ASME, 113:677?687, (1991).

10. D.P.Branyon, J.Caton and K.Annamalai, "Coal Fueled Diesel Cycle Simulations: The Role of Group Effects," Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbine and Power, Transactions of the ASME, 112:391?397, (1990).

11. W. Ryan, K. Annamalai and J. Caton, "Relation Between Group Combustion and Drop Array Studies," Combustion and Flame, 80:313?321 (1990).

12. K. Annamalai, S. Ramalingam, T. Dahdah and D. Chi, "Group Combustion of a Cylindrical Cloud of Char/Carbon Particles," Journal of Heat Transfer, Transactions of the ASME, 110:190?200 (1988).

13. K. Annamalai and S. Ramalingam, "Group Combustion of Char Particles," Combustion and Flame, 70:307?332 (1987).